Определенный артикль. Упражнения.
Практика — ключ к грамотности. Специальные упражнения в этом разделе помогут вам отработать использование определенного артикля с существительными: понять правило, довести его применение до автоматизма и научиться использовать в реальных ситуациях.
Упражнение № 1. Выберите правильный вариант: определенный артикль the или оставьте пропуск (—).
1.I love (the / —) coffee in the morning. 2. (The / —) sun is shining brightly today. 3. She works in (the / —) hospital near our house. 4. My son plays (the / —) guitar very well. 5. We went to (the / —) Russia last summer. 6. (The / —) dinner is ready. 7. He is (the / —) best doctor I know. 8. They live on (the / —) third floor. 9. I need to go to (the / —) bank. 10. (The / —) life is beautiful. 11. She bought a car yesterday. (The / —) car is red. 12. We visited (the / —) United Kingdom last year. 13. He is (the / —) manager of this company. 14. We often visit (the / —) grandparents on Sunday. 15. (The / —) Lake Baikal is very deep. 16. She is (the / —) most intelligent person in our team. 17. I saw (the / —) film you recommended. 18. (The / —) children need love and attention. 19. (The / —) children from our school are very polite. 20. (The / —) cats are independent animals. 21. Please pass me (the / —) salt. 22. We had (the / —) breakfast at 8 o'clock. 23. (The / —) breakfast we had was delicious. 24. She lives in (the / —) United States. 25. (The / —) Moscow is a beautiful city. 26. He is (the / —) first person I met here. 27. I like (the / —) classical music. 28. (The / —) music in this room is too loud. 29. (The / —) earth goes around (the / —) sun. 30. She loves (the / —) flowers. 31. (The / —) flowers in this garden are beautiful. 32. This is (the / —) second time I've been here. 33. (The / —) Amazon is the longest river. 34. They visited (the / —) France and (the / —) Spain. 35. We live on (the / —) fifth floor. 36. (The / —) dog was chasing a cat. 37. (The / —) phone I bought is expensive. 38. (The / —) time is (the / —) money. 39. (The / —) time we spent together was wonderful. 40. (The / —) Black Sea is warm.
Упражнение № 2. Выберите правильный вариант: a, an, the или оставьте пропуск (—).
1.I have (a / an / the / —) car. (Впервые) 2. (A / An / The / —) car is very old. (Уже знаем) 3. She is (a / an / the / —) engineer. 4. He is (a / an / the / —) most talented musician. 5. We need (a / an / the / —) water. 6. (A / An / The / —) water in this bottle is cold. 7. I saw (a / an / the / —) elephant at the zoo. 8. (A / An / The / —) elephant was eating hay. 9. She plays (a / an / the / —) piano. 10. (A / An / The / —) piano is a musical instrument. 11. He had (a / an / the / —) apple for breakfast. 12. (A / An / The / —) apple was green. 13. We live in (a / an / the / —) small town. 14. (A / An / The / —) town is near London. 15. I love (a / an / the / —) chocolate. 16. (A / An / The / —) chocolate you bought is delicious. 17. She is (a / an / the / —) honest person. 18. He is (a / an / the / —) first to arrive. 19. We had (a / an / the / —) dinner together. 20. (A / An / The / —) dinner was perfect. 21. I need (a / an / the / —) new phone. 22. (A / An / The / —) phone is too expensive. 23. She works in (a / an / the / —) hospital. 24. (A / An / The / —) hospital is very modern. 25. He is (a / an / the / —) university professor. 26. (A / An / The / —) professors here are strict. 27. We visited (a / an / the / —) United Kingdom. 28. (A / An / The / —) weather was rainy. 29. I usually drink (a / an / the / —) coffee in the morning. 30. (A / An / The / —) coffee I'm drinking now is cold.
Упражнение № 3. Выберите правильный вариант, учитывая контекст (первое упоминание, второе упоминание, уникальность, обобщение).
1.I saw (a / the) bird in the tree. (a / the) bird was singing. 2. (a / the) sun gives us light and warmth. 3. She is (a / the) best singer I've ever heard. 4. We need (a / the) new computer. (a / the) computer must be fast. 5. I love (— / the) classical music. 6. (— / the) music at the concert was wonderful. 7. He lives on (a / the) second floor. 8. I had (a / the) sandwich for lunch. (a / the) sandwich was tasty. 9. (— / the) children need education. 10. (— / the) children from this school are well-behaved. 11. She plays (— / the) tennis every weekend. 12. He plays (— / the) guitar in a band. 13. We visited (— / the) Lake Geneva. 14. They sailed across (— / the) Atlantic Ocean. 15. I need (a / the) glass of water. 16. (a / the) water is cold. 17. She is (a / the) doctor at the local hospital. 18. He is (a / the) manager here. (единственный) 19. I usually have (— / the) lunch at noon. 20. (— / the) lunch we had yesterday was great. 21. We live in (— / the) Russia. 22. (— / the) Russia is a beautiful country. 23. She wants to be (a / the) actress. 24. She is (a / the) actress who won the Oscar. 25. I saw (a / the) film last night. 26. (a / the) film was boring. 27. (— / the) life is short. 28. (— / the) life of a celebrity is hard. 29. Please close (a / the) door. 30. I bought (a / the) door for my house. (впервые)
Упражнение № 4. Заполните пропуски в диалоге, вставляя a, an, the или оставляя пропуск (—).
A: Hello! How was (1) ___ your day?
B: It was great! I bought (2) ___ new car.
A: Really? What color is (3) ___ car?
B: (4) ___ car is red. It's (5) ___ fastest car I've ever had.
A: That's wonderful! I also had (6) ___ good day. I went to (7) ___ cinema.
B: What did you see?
A: I saw (8) ___ film about (9) ___ life in (10) ___ France.
B: Was (11) ___ film interesting?
A: Yes, (12) ___ film was very interesting. (13) ___ French culture is fascinating.
B: I agree. I love (14) ___ French food.
A: Me too. Let's have (15) ___ dinner together sometime.
B: Great idea! We can go to (16) ___ new French restaurant.
A: Is (17) ___ restaurant expensive?
B: (18) ___ restaurant is not too expensive. (19) ___ food is delicious.
A: Perfect. By (20) ___ way, do you play (21) ___ guitar?
B: Yes, I do. Why?
A: My son wants to learn. He needs (22) ___ teacher.
B: I can help. I am (23) ___ teacher, after all.
A: That's true! You are (24) ___ best teacher I know.
B: Thank you. Let's meet on (25) ___ Sunday.
A: (26) ___ Sunday is perfect. What about (27) ___ afternoon?
B: Sure. See you then. Oh, and congratulations on (28) ___ new car!
A: Thanks! I'll send you (29) ___ photo of (30) ___ car.
Упражнение № 5. Прочитайте предложения и сопоставьте их с правилами использования определенного артикля. Напишите номер правила рядом с номером предложения.
Правила:
1.The sun is very hot today. 2. I bought a book. The book is interesting. 3. She lives on the fifth floor. 4. He is the smartest person I know. 5. I need to go to the doctor. (мой доктор) 6. The Thames flows through London. 7. I love coffee. 8. Please open the window. (в комнате душно) 9. We visited the United States. 10. She is the first woman to win this prize. 11. I saw a cat and a dog. The cat was black. 12. The moon is beautiful tonight. 13. Children like sweets. 14. This is the most expensive hotel in the city. 15. Pass me the salt, please. 16. The Volga is a long river. 17. He works on the second floor. 18. Life is complicated. 19. I met a man. The man was Russian. 20. The Earth is round. 21. She is the best candidate. 22. The Netherlands are famous for tulips. 23. I need to buy milk. 24. Turn off the light. (в комнате) 25. This is the second time I've called you. 26. We had a sandwich and an apple. The sandwich was good. 27. The Pacific Ocean is huge. 28. She is the tallest in her class. 29. I like music. 30. Close the door, please.
Упражнение № 6. Используя образцы, составьте свои предложения по аналогии. В каждом образце показан случай употребления the. Придумайте по два своих примера к каждому образцу.
Образец 1 (уникальные объекты): The sun is hot.
Образец 2 (уже упоминалось): I saw a cat. The cat was black.
Образец 3 (понятно из ситуации): Please close the window.
Образец 4 (превосходная степень): This is the best day.
Образец 5 (порядковые числительные): He lives on the second floor.
Упражнение № 7. Представьте, что ваш телефон сломался. Вам нужно объяснить мастеру, что именно случилось. Напишите 6–8 фраз, описывая проблему. Используйте the для конкретных деталей (кнопка, экран, зарядка) и a/an для новых элементов.
Образец: The screen is black. (Экран конкретного телефона) The power button doesn't work. (Конкретная кнопка) I think I need a new battery. (Новый элемент, впервые) The battery is old. (Уже упомянутая)
Упражнение № 8. Напишите о семейном празднике (день рождения, Новый год), который вы хорошо помните. Используйте the для того, что уже знакомо читателю (the cake, the music, the guests), и a/an для первого упоминания.
Образец: Last year we had a big party. The party was at my sister's house. The cake was huge. The best moment was when we sang songs.
Упражнение № 9. Представьте, что вы собираетесь в путешествие. Напишите список вещей, которые нужно взять, но оформите его как советы самому себе, используя the для важных, конкретных вещей (the passport, the tickets, the charger) и a/an для новых покупок.
Образец: Don't forget the passport. It's on the table. Buy a new umbrella. (Новый, ещё не куплен) Pack the medicine for allergies.
1.I love (the / —) coffee in the morning. 2. (The / —) sun is shining brightly today. 3. She works in (the / —) hospital near our house. 4. My son plays (the / —) guitar very well. 5. We went to (the / —) Russia last summer. 6. (The / —) dinner is ready. 7. He is (the / —) best doctor I know. 8. They live on (the / —) third floor. 9. I need to go to (the / —) bank. 10. (The / —) life is beautiful. 11. She bought a car yesterday. (The / —) car is red. 12. We visited (the / —) United Kingdom last year. 13. He is (the / —) manager of this company. 14. We often visit (the / —) grandparents on Sunday. 15. (The / —) Lake Baikal is very deep. 16. She is (the / —) most intelligent person in our team. 17. I saw (the / —) film you recommended. 18. (The / —) children need love and attention. 19. (The / —) children from our school are very polite. 20. (The / —) cats are independent animals. 21. Please pass me (the / —) salt. 22. We had (the / —) breakfast at 8 o'clock. 23. (The / —) breakfast we had was delicious. 24. She lives in (the / —) United States. 25. (The / —) Moscow is a beautiful city. 26. He is (the / —) first person I met here. 27. I like (the / —) classical music. 28. (The / —) music in this room is too loud. 29. (The / —) earth goes around (the / —) sun. 30. She loves (the / —) flowers. 31. (The / —) flowers in this garden are beautiful. 32. This is (the / —) second time I've been here. 33. (The / —) Amazon is the longest river. 34. They visited (the / —) France and (the / —) Spain. 35. We live on (the / —) fifth floor. 36. (The / —) dog was chasing a cat. 37. (The / —) phone I bought is expensive. 38. (The / —) time is (the / —) money. 39. (The / —) time we spent together was wonderful. 40. (The / —) Black Sea is warm.
Упражнение № 2. Выберите правильный вариант: a, an, the или оставьте пропуск (—).
1.I have (a / an / the / —) car. (Впервые) 2. (A / An / The / —) car is very old. (Уже знаем) 3. She is (a / an / the / —) engineer. 4. He is (a / an / the / —) most talented musician. 5. We need (a / an / the / —) water. 6. (A / An / The / —) water in this bottle is cold. 7. I saw (a / an / the / —) elephant at the zoo. 8. (A / An / The / —) elephant was eating hay. 9. She plays (a / an / the / —) piano. 10. (A / An / The / —) piano is a musical instrument. 11. He had (a / an / the / —) apple for breakfast. 12. (A / An / The / —) apple was green. 13. We live in (a / an / the / —) small town. 14. (A / An / The / —) town is near London. 15. I love (a / an / the / —) chocolate. 16. (A / An / The / —) chocolate you bought is delicious. 17. She is (a / an / the / —) honest person. 18. He is (a / an / the / —) first to arrive. 19. We had (a / an / the / —) dinner together. 20. (A / An / The / —) dinner was perfect. 21. I need (a / an / the / —) new phone. 22. (A / An / The / —) phone is too expensive. 23. She works in (a / an / the / —) hospital. 24. (A / An / The / —) hospital is very modern. 25. He is (a / an / the / —) university professor. 26. (A / An / The / —) professors here are strict. 27. We visited (a / an / the / —) United Kingdom. 28. (A / An / The / —) weather was rainy. 29. I usually drink (a / an / the / —) coffee in the morning. 30. (A / An / The / —) coffee I'm drinking now is cold.
Упражнение № 3. Выберите правильный вариант, учитывая контекст (первое упоминание, второе упоминание, уникальность, обобщение).
1.I saw (a / the) bird in the tree. (a / the) bird was singing. 2. (a / the) sun gives us light and warmth. 3. She is (a / the) best singer I've ever heard. 4. We need (a / the) new computer. (a / the) computer must be fast. 5. I love (— / the) classical music. 6. (— / the) music at the concert was wonderful. 7. He lives on (a / the) second floor. 8. I had (a / the) sandwich for lunch. (a / the) sandwich was tasty. 9. (— / the) children need education. 10. (— / the) children from this school are well-behaved. 11. She plays (— / the) tennis every weekend. 12. He plays (— / the) guitar in a band. 13. We visited (— / the) Lake Geneva. 14. They sailed across (— / the) Atlantic Ocean. 15. I need (a / the) glass of water. 16. (a / the) water is cold. 17. She is (a / the) doctor at the local hospital. 18. He is (a / the) manager here. (единственный) 19. I usually have (— / the) lunch at noon. 20. (— / the) lunch we had yesterday was great. 21. We live in (— / the) Russia. 22. (— / the) Russia is a beautiful country. 23. She wants to be (a / the) actress. 24. She is (a / the) actress who won the Oscar. 25. I saw (a / the) film last night. 26. (a / the) film was boring. 27. (— / the) life is short. 28. (— / the) life of a celebrity is hard. 29. Please close (a / the) door. 30. I bought (a / the) door for my house. (впервые)
Упражнение № 4. Заполните пропуски в диалоге, вставляя a, an, the или оставляя пропуск (—).
A: Hello! How was (1) ___ your day?
B: It was great! I bought (2) ___ new car.
A: Really? What color is (3) ___ car?
B: (4) ___ car is red. It's (5) ___ fastest car I've ever had.
A: That's wonderful! I also had (6) ___ good day. I went to (7) ___ cinema.
B: What did you see?
A: I saw (8) ___ film about (9) ___ life in (10) ___ France.
B: Was (11) ___ film interesting?
A: Yes, (12) ___ film was very interesting. (13) ___ French culture is fascinating.
B: I agree. I love (14) ___ French food.
A: Me too. Let's have (15) ___ dinner together sometime.
B: Great idea! We can go to (16) ___ new French restaurant.
A: Is (17) ___ restaurant expensive?
B: (18) ___ restaurant is not too expensive. (19) ___ food is delicious.
A: Perfect. By (20) ___ way, do you play (21) ___ guitar?
B: Yes, I do. Why?
A: My son wants to learn. He needs (22) ___ teacher.
B: I can help. I am (23) ___ teacher, after all.
A: That's true! You are (24) ___ best teacher I know.
B: Thank you. Let's meet on (25) ___ Sunday.
A: (26) ___ Sunday is perfect. What about (27) ___ afternoon?
B: Sure. See you then. Oh, and congratulations on (28) ___ new car!
A: Thanks! I'll send you (29) ___ photo of (30) ___ car.
Упражнение № 5. Прочитайте предложения и сопоставьте их с правилами использования определенного артикля. Напишите номер правила рядом с номером предложения.
Правила:
- Предмет уже упоминался ранее.
- Предмет единственный в своем роде.
- Понятно из ситуации/контекста.
- Превосходная степень прилагательного.
- Порядковое числительное.
- Географические названия (реки, моря, горные цепи, группы стран).
- Артикль не нужен (обобщение).
1.The sun is very hot today. 2. I bought a book. The book is interesting. 3. She lives on the fifth floor. 4. He is the smartest person I know. 5. I need to go to the doctor. (мой доктор) 6. The Thames flows through London. 7. I love coffee. 8. Please open the window. (в комнате душно) 9. We visited the United States. 10. She is the first woman to win this prize. 11. I saw a cat and a dog. The cat was black. 12. The moon is beautiful tonight. 13. Children like sweets. 14. This is the most expensive hotel in the city. 15. Pass me the salt, please. 16. The Volga is a long river. 17. He works on the second floor. 18. Life is complicated. 19. I met a man. The man was Russian. 20. The Earth is round. 21. She is the best candidate. 22. The Netherlands are famous for tulips. 23. I need to buy milk. 24. Turn off the light. (в комнате) 25. This is the second time I've called you. 26. We had a sandwich and an apple. The sandwich was good. 27. The Pacific Ocean is huge. 28. She is the tallest in her class. 29. I like music. 30. Close the door, please.
Упражнение № 6. Используя образцы, составьте свои предложения по аналогии. В каждом образце показан случай употребления the. Придумайте по два своих примера к каждому образцу.
Образец 1 (уникальные объекты): The sun is hot.
Образец 2 (уже упоминалось): I saw a cat. The cat was black.
Образец 3 (понятно из ситуации): Please close the window.
Образец 4 (превосходная степень): This is the best day.
Образец 5 (порядковые числительные): He lives on the second floor.
Упражнение № 7. Представьте, что ваш телефон сломался. Вам нужно объяснить мастеру, что именно случилось. Напишите 6–8 фраз, описывая проблему. Используйте the для конкретных деталей (кнопка, экран, зарядка) и a/an для новых элементов.
Образец: The screen is black. (Экран конкретного телефона) The power button doesn't work. (Конкретная кнопка) I think I need a new battery. (Новый элемент, впервые) The battery is old. (Уже упомянутая)
Упражнение № 8. Напишите о семейном празднике (день рождения, Новый год), который вы хорошо помните. Используйте the для того, что уже знакомо читателю (the cake, the music, the guests), и a/an для первого упоминания.
Образец: Last year we had a big party. The party was at my sister's house. The cake was huge. The best moment was when we sang songs.
Упражнение № 9. Представьте, что вы собираетесь в путешествие. Напишите список вещей, которые нужно взять, но оформите его как советы самому себе, используя the для важных, конкретных вещей (the passport, the tickets, the charger) и a/an для новых покупок.
Образец: Don't forget the passport. It's on the table. Buy a new umbrella. (Новый, ещё не куплен) Pack the medicine for allergies.
